Careers in Quantum Technologies
Overview
Overview
This page introduces quantum technologies, their real-world applications and career opportunities, and highlights how they can be used as a context for teaching modern STEM topics.
Content
Quantum technologies: a broader perspective
Why talk about quantum careers?
Where quantum technologies are applied
What careers in quantum technologies look like
Education pathways
Quantum technologies in Europe
Key message for teaching
References and sources
Quantum technologies: a broader perspective
Quantum computing is one part of a broader field known as quantum technologies, which also includes quantum communication, quantum sensing, and advanced materials based on quantum physics. All of these technologies rely on principles such as superposition and entanglement, and are being explored for applications ranging from secure communication to medical imaging and energy systems. An accessible overview of these fields is provided by the European Quantum Flagship[1].
Because quantum technologies span many application areas, they also require a wide range of skills—making them a useful context for discussing interdisciplinary STEM careers.
Why talk about quantum careers?
Quantum technologies are moving from research laboratories into real-world applications. Companies, start-ups and governments are investing heavily, particularly in computing, communication and sensing. According to McKinsey, quantum technologies could create economic value of up to 1.3–2 trillion US dollars by 2035, while the field already faces a shortage of qualified specialists[2].
For education, this creates a unique opportunity: a rapidly developing field in which future skills are already in demand.
Podcast: BBC Inside Science – Is quantum computing having its moment?
Where quantum technologies are applied
Quantum technologies are particularly promising for solving complex problems that are difficult for classical computers. As a result, they are being explored across a range of industries. Examples include drug discovery and molecular modelling, the development of new materials and batteries, and optimisation problems in finance and logistics. These applications show why quantum technologies are considered strategically important: they extend what is computational and technologically possible.
Further examples: Quantum computing use cases across industries
What careers in quantum technology look like
At first glance, quantum technologies may seem highly abstract. In practice, they rely on collaboration between researchers, engineers, software developers and technicians. Interviews and videos show that daily work combines programming, experimentation, and teamwork, and that many people enter the field from different STEM backgrounds.
Quantum researchers explore fundamental phenomena and develop new methods for quantum technologies. Their work combines mathematics, programming, experiments and collaboration with other scientists.
Quantum engineers build and operate quantum computers. Their work includes programming, testing systems, and working closely with physicists and software developers. Much of their work involves integrating different components and ensuring that systems function reliably.
Quantum software developers design algorithms and write code that runs on quantum computers. Many work at the intersection of research and application, contributing to problem-solving in areas such as optimisation, chemistry or machine learning.
Quantum technologies bring together expertise from physics, computer science and engineering. This makes them a highly interdisciplinary field with many possible entry points and career paths.
Work in quantum technologies often takes place in collaboration between academia and industry. Many organisations provide insights into real research environments, where teams of scientists, engineers and developers work together on experimental systems and applications.
IBM Quantum – research and lab insights (playlist):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0VD16H1q5IMSGCzdmXYQ8TrvSaaSuCL3
Education pathways
There is no single pathway into quantum technologies. People enter the field from backgrounds such as physics, computer science, engineering or mathematics, often specialising later in their studies.
While there is no fixed route into quantum technologies, certain patterns can be observed in how people enter the field. Most start with a degree in physics, computer science, mathematics or engineering and specialise in quantum topics later during their studies or careers.
Many career paths are non-linear. For example, some engineers move into quantum hardware development, while computer scientists transition into quantum software and algorithms. Researchers often combine theoretical work, programming and experimental collaboration over time.
Typical entry pathways include:
- Physics → research, quantum simulation, hardware development
- Computer science → quantum software, algorithms, applications
- Engineering → hardware systems, electronics, quantum devices
- Mathematics → modelling, theory and algorithm design
For teachers, this highlights an important point: students do not need to decide on a specialised quantum pathway early on. Developing strong analytical skills, programming experience and an interest in problem-solving provides a solid basis for many future directions within the field.
Teaching and learning resources for quantum technologies:
QTEdu – European platform for quantum technology education and training
Insights on entering quantum careers:
IEEE Spectrum – How to land a job in quantum computing
Qiskit / IBM – Advice from quantum computing experts
Beyond individual pathways, quantum technologies are also shaped by broader developments in research, industry and policy.
Quantum technologies in Europe
Quantum technologies are being developed across a wide European network of research institutions, companies and collaborations, creating a growing ecosystem of career opportunities in academia and industry.
Quantum technologies are a strategic priority in Europe. Through large-scale initiatives such as the Quantum Flagship, the European Union is investing in research, infrastructure and education to strengthen its position in this emerging field. Europe hosts a wide network of universities, research institutes and companies working on quantum technologies. These organisations collaborate across countries and disciplines, creating a growing ecosystem that connects fundamental research with industrial applications.
A key focus of these initiatives is the development of skills and training opportunities. New degree programmes, doctoral networks and industry partnerships are being created to prepare a future workforce with expertise in quantum technologies.
Further information on European quantum initiatives:
EU Quantum Flagship
Podcast: European perspective on building quantum computers
Building quantum computers in Europe (HPC Portal podcast)
Key message for teaching
Quantum technologies combine strong scientific foundations with growing industrial relevance. As demand for skilled professionals increases, they provide a valuable context for career orientation—connecting school subjects with emerging real-world opportunities.
For teaching, an important takeaway is that there is no single pathway into this field. Rather than early specialisation, students benefit from strong general STEM foundations, curiosity, and the ability to work across disciplines. These skills can later open diverse pathways into quantum-related careers.
EU Quantum Flagship – Quantum technologies in a nutshell (last accessed 12.05.2026)
McKinsey & Company – Quantum Technology Monitor 2026 (last accessed 12.05.2026)
BBC Inside Science – Is quantum computing having its moment? (last accessed 12.05.2026)
The Quantum Insider – Quantum computing use cases across industries (last accessed 12.05.2026)
IBM Quantum / Qiskit – Landing a Job in Quantum Computing (last accessed 12.05.2026)
Chicago Quantum Exchange – Careers in Quantum (last accessed 12.05.2026)
QTedu – Quantum Technology Education (European initiative) (last accessed 12.05.2026)
IEEE Spectrum – How to land a job in quantum computing (last accessed 12.05.2026)
European Commission – Quantum Technologies Flagship (last accessed 12.05.2026)
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